A Review: Recent developments in Nitrogen containing Heterocycles as Medicinal Compounds.

Abstract

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are fundamental structural motifs in medicinal chemistry, widely utilized in the development of therapeutic agents due to their diverse pharmacological properties. Recent advancements have led to the discovery of novel heterocyclic compounds with significant applications in oncology, infectious diseases, neurology, and cardiovascular treatments. Pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, and indole-based scaffolds have shown remarkable success in anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Innovations in green synthesis, metal-catalyzed reactions, and computational drug design have enhanced the efficiency of heterocycle-based drug discovery. Additionally, targeted drug delivery systems and prodrug strategies incorporating nitrogen heterocycles have improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Despite challenges such as drug resistance and toxicity, interdisciplinary approaches integrating AI, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology are driving future developments. With continuous advancements, nitrogen-containing heterocycles remain at the forefront of pharmaceutical research, offering promising avenues for next-generation drug discovery and therapeutic innovation.